Combat Side Stroke and Survival Float Techniques Explained

Introduction

In open water, swimming for safety isn’t just about speed—it’s about efficiency, control, and conserving energy. Two techniques commonly used in military training and lifesaving scenarios are the Combat Side Stroke and the Survival Float. These methods are specifically designed for endurance, stealth (in tactical settings), and survival in challenging conditions. Whether you’re preparing for military training, learning water safety, or simply want to expand your aquatic skill set, understanding these two techniques can make a critical difference.

What Is the Combat Side Stroke?

The Combat Side Stroke (CSS) is a powerful and efficient swimming stroke developed for military use, particularly by the U.S. Navy SEALs. It combines elements of the breaststroke, sidestroke, and freestyle into a low-profile stroke that minimizes surface disturbance and maximizes energy conservation.

Key Features of Combat Side Stroke

• Streamlined, stealthy profile

• One-arm pull and glide sequence

• Long underwater phases

• Rhythmic breathing pattern

• Efficient for long-distance swims with gear

Benefits

• Low energy expenditure over long distances

• Reduced surface visibility (ideal for tactical situations)

• Allows swimmers to stay streamlined and controlled

• Works well in both calm and rough water

Step-by-Step Overview

1. Begin in a streamlined position with one arm extended forward, the other resting at your side.

2. Simultaneously pull the leading arm back and initiate a breaststroke-style kick (or scissor kick).

3. As the pulling hand reaches your side, the other arm begins a small recovery movement forward.

4. Glide momentarily in a streamlined position.

5. Rotate your head to the side to breathe as needed, using the glide phase to inhale.

6. Repeat on the same side or alternate sides for balance and comfort.

This stroke is often practiced with fins during military training, but it can be performed without them as well.

What Is the Survival Float?

Also known as the prone float or dead man’s float, the Survival Float is a passive floating technique used to conserve energy and stay afloat for extended periods, particularly when rescue or land is not immediately in sight.

Key Features of Survival Float

• Face-down position in the water

• Minimal movement—just enough to lift the head for air

• Relies on body buoyancy and breath control

• Excellent for exhaustion prevention in open water

Benefits

• Conserves energy during long waits in the water

• Allows rest without swimming

• Helps manage panic and breathing in emergencies

• Requires minimal skill or strength

Step-by-Step Overview

1. Inhale deeply and hold your breath.

2. Lie face down in the water, arms and legs extended and relaxed.

3. Let your body float naturally—don’t resist the water.

4. When you need air, lift your head, take a quick breath, then return to the floating position.

5. Repeat this cycle calmly and rhythmically.

Some variations include bringing the knees in slightly to create a more compact floating position or extending the arms outward for better stability.

When to Use Each Technique

Use Combat Side Stroke when:

• Swimming long distances in open or unpredictable water

• Moving tactically in a low-profile manner

• Carrying gear that requires balance and efficiency

• You need both endurance and directional control

Use the Survival Float when:

• You need to conserve energy while awaiting rescue

• You are too tired to swim efficiently

• You’re stranded without a flotation device

• You need to rest intermittently during a long swim

Both techniques are used in survival and training scenarios, and mastering them increases your water safety and endurance.

Training Tips

• Practice both techniques in calm, shallow water before attempting them in deeper environments.

• Use a pool or calm lake for Combat Side Stroke drills. Focus on technique before building speed.

• For the Survival Float, practice relaxing your body and holding your breath. The more relaxed you are, the more effective the float.

• Add breathing intervals to your Survival Float practice to simulate real-life conditions.

• Gradually increase the duration of floating and distance of side stroke swimming for endurance.

Safety Considerations

• Never practice alone in open or deep water—use a buddy system or lifeguard supervision.

• If you experience dizziness, shortness of breath, or panic, stop and rest immediately.

• Practice in controlled conditions until you’re confident in your ability to perform both techniques safely.

• Use goggles if you’re uncomfortable putting your face in the water during early practice.nclusion

Both the Combat Side Stroke and the Survival Float are highly effective water skills designed for endurance, control, and safety. While the Combat Side Stroke helps you cover distance efficiently and with minimal effort, the Survival Float allows you to stay afloat and conserve energy during emergencies. Whether you’re training for military service, preparing for water survival scenarios, or simply expanding your swim skills, mastering these techniques can make you safer, more confident, and more capable in any aquatic environment.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. Is the Combat Side Stroke only for military use?
   No. While developed for military training, it’s an efficient stroke that anyone can learn for fitness or open-water swimming.

2. How long can someone maintain the Survival Float?
   With proper breathing and relaxation, a person can maintain the Survival Float for extended periods—hours in some cases—depending on fatigue and water conditions.

3. Do I need fins to learn the Combat Side Stroke?
   No. You can learn the stroke without fins. Fins are often added later to increase power and endurance in training.

4. Which technique is easier for beginners?
   The Survival Float is generally easier for beginners since it requires minimal movement. The Combat Side Stroke takes more time to master due to coordination and breathing control.

5. Are these techniques taught in swim classes?
   Not typically in standard swim classes, but they are often included in lifeguard training, military prep courses, and water survival programs.